Institute of Development Studies

The key weaknesses identified in water infrastructure systems in urban and peri-urban areas in FCAS are:

• Internal displacement increases demand for water in urban areas as well as increasing wastewater discharge. Sewage systems are poor.

• Alternative service providers which are unregulated, more expensive and of lower quality.

• Naturally where the state is not functioning, coordination of water services and funding is lacking. This includes unclarity of roles and decision-making powers.

Solid  waste  and  faecal  sludge  management  in  situations  of  rapid  mass  displacement  are  important  to  public  health  and  providing  for  a  betterenvironment.Despite  this,  both  have  been  neglected  in  WASH  programmes,  which  tend  to  have  a  focus  on  water.  Howeverincreasing  efforts  are  being  made  to  find  solutions  to  challenges  in  solid  waste  and  faecal  sludge  management  in  difficult  circumstances  in  humanitarian  emergencies.  Findings from the study includes for solid waste management, the importance of immediately clearing any toxic materi