Water infrastructure in fragile- and conflict-affected states
The key weaknesses identified in water infrastructure systems in urban and peri-urban areas in FCAS are:
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Internal displacement increases demand for water in urban areas as well as increasing wastewater discharge. Sewage systems are poor.
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Alternative service providers which are unregulated, more expensive and of lower quality.
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Naturally where the state is not functioning, coordination of water services and funding is lacking. This includes unclarity of roles and decision-making powers.