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Water Treatment

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WASH Technical Area

  • Water Treatment (74)
    • Liquid Chlorine (25)
    • Chlorine tabs (aquatabs) (24)
    • Flocculant / Disinfection Sachets (11)
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Water treatment at the household level (termed household water treatment or point-of-use water treatment) comprises activities and projects used to improve water quality at the home. Examples of these projects include: chlorine tablet distributions (i.e. Aquatabs®), use of liquid chlorine, flocculant/disinfectants (i.e. P&G Purifier of Water™), ceramic water filters, biosand filters, hollow-fiber filters, solar disinfection, and boiling.
Displaying 31 - 40 of 74

Factors associated with E. coli contamination of household drinking water among tsunami and earthquake survivors, Indonesia

The December 2004 tsunami in Sumatra, Indonesia, destroyed drinking water infrastructure, placing over 500,000 displaced persons at increased risk of waterborne disease.

Publication year: 2007    Reporting Agency: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - CDC    Author(s): Suantio_A., Gray_A., Widyastuti_E., Jain_N., Rolos_R., Hoekstra_R., Quick_R.

Assessment of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions in response to an outbreak of typhoid fever in Neno District, Malawi

On May 2, 2009 an outbreak of typhoid fever began in rural villages along the Malawi-Mozambique border resulting in 748 illnesses and 44 deaths by September 2010.

Publication year: 2018    Reporting Agency: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - CDC    Author(s): Bennett_S., Lowther_S., Chingoli_F., Chilima_B., Kabuluzi_S., Ayers_T., Warne_T., Mintz_E.

Simple sari cloth filtration of water is sustainable and continues to protect villagers from cholera in Matlab, Bangladesh

A simple method for filtering water to reduce the incidence of cholera was tested in a field trial in Matlab, Bangladesh, and proved effective.

Publication year: 2010    Reporting Agency: University of Maryland    Author(s): Huq_A., Yunus_M., Sohel_S., Bhuiya_A., Emch_M., Luby_S., Russek-Cohen_E., Nair_G., Sack_R.

Evidence on the Effectiveness of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Interventions on Health Outcomes in Humanitarian Crises: A Systematic Review

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions are amongst the most crucial in humanitarian crises, although the impact of the different WASH interventions on health outcomes remains unclear.

Publication year: 2015    Reporting Agency: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine    Author(s): Ramesh_A., Blanchet_K., Ensink_J., Roberts_B.

Household water treatment uptake during a public health response to a large typhoid fever outbreak in Harare, Zimbabwe

Locally manufactured sodium hypochlorite (chlorine) solution has been sold in Zimbabwe since 2010. During October 1, 2011–April 30, 2012, 4,181 suspected and 52 confirmed cases of typhoid fever were identified in Harare. In response to this outbreak, chlorine tablets were distributed.

Publication year: 2014    Reporting Agency: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - CDC    Author(s): Imanishi_M., Kweza_P., Slayton_R., Urayai_T., Ziro_O., Mushayi_W., Francis-Chizororo_M., Kuonza_L., Ayers_T., Freeman_M., Govore_E., Duri_C., Chonzi_P., Mtapuri-Zinyowera_S., Manangazira_P., Kilmarx_P., Mintz_E., Lantagne_D., Zimbabwe Typhoid Fever Outbreak Working Group

Evaluation of a Rapid Cholera Response Activity—Nyanza Province, Kenya, 2008

Background. In response to recurrent cholera outbreaks in Nyanza Province, Kenya, a local nongovernmental organization assisted the Ministry of Health by providing cholera education activities to some cholera-affected communities.

Publication year: 2013    Reporting Agency: SWAP    Author(s): Date_K., Person_B., Nygren_B., Were_V., Kola_S., Ayers_T., Quick_R.

WASH Interventions in Disease Outbreak Response: Evidence Synthesis.

This evidence synthesis identifies, synthesizes and evaluates existing evidence of the impacts of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions in disease outbreaks in 51 humanitarian contexts in 19 low and middle-income countries.

Publication year: 2017    Reporting Agency: Tufts University    Author(s): Yates_T., Vujcic_J., Joseph_M., Gallandat_K., Lantagne_D.

Learning from water treatment and hygiene interventions in response to a hepatitis E outbreak in an open setting in Chad

In September 2016, Médecins Sans Frontières responded to a hepatitis E (HEV) outbreak in Chad by implementing water treatment and hygiene interventions. To evaluate the coverage and use of these interventions, we conducted a cross-sectional study in the community.

Publication year: 2018    Reporting Agency: ECDC    Author(s): Spina, Beversluis_D., Irwin_A., Chen_A., Nassariman_J., Ahamat_A., Noh_I., Oosterloo_J., Alfani_P., Sang_S., Lenglet_A., Taylor_D.

Point-of-use water treatment and diarrhoea reduction in the emergency context: an effectiveness trial in Liberia

Communicable diseases are of particular concern in conflict and disaster-affected populations that reside in camp settings. In the acute emergency phase, diarrhoeal diseases have accounted for more than 40% of deaths among camp residents.

Publication year: 2006    Reporting Agency: Johns Hopkins University    Author(s): Doocy_S., Burnham_G.

Demystifying Gender: Lessons Learned from the Implementation of Minimum Commitments fo Gender Programming in Emergency WASH Response - A Case Study from the DRC

Children under 18 can represent 50% or more of a crisis-affected population.

Publication year: 2010    Reporting Agency: IASC GenCap Project    Author(s): Brun_D.

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